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At nine weeks of pregnancy, the fetal tissue within a woman does not have a visible embryo and the make up of it resembles a cloud or cotton ball when placed in a petri dish.
Photos revealed by the MYA Network, fetal cell tissue does not yet resemble an infant to the naked eye, but instead just small particles.
While there is a small embryo within the tissue – and when blown up by a microscope will appear to have a humanoid shape – it is contained in a swatch of overlying tissue still.
That point to which life begins – and a fetus or baby can be considered human – has been under fierce debate in the US.
Over summer, the Supreme Court overturned the landmark 1973 Roe v Wade ruling that gave federal protections to abortion, allowing states to regulate the procedure themselves.
In 13 states, abortion is totally banned no matter the stage of pregnancy. The practice is banned by the ninth week in 14 states.
Pictured above is fetal tissue at four weeks’ gestation. At this point the embryo has begun to grow in the womb but is not yet visible to the naked eye. Some argue that at this point, life has already begun because the embryo has begun its growth
At four weeks, the fetal tissue is still a smattering of cells. This is the point where the embryo begins to grow and develop within the womb.
Home pregnancy tests can typically detect HCG, the hormone produced during pregnancy, as early as 10 days after conception.
Most women will take a home test soon after missing a period, though some very sensitive tests can pick up the presence of HCG a few days beforehand.
At this point in pregnancy, it is illegal to obtain an abortion in Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
Some argue that because the embryo has begun growth at this point, it should be considered a person and be protected by pro-life legislation.
Above is fetal tissue at five weeks’ gestation. Home pregnancy tests can typically detect HCG, the hormone produced during pregnancy, as early as 10 days after conception. At this point, the embryo is less than an inch in diameter. It could be very visible to the naked eye
At five weeks, the fetal tissue is less than an inch in diameter. On average, an embryo is around two millimeters in size, and still not yet visible to the human eye.
The unborn child has formed some blood vessels at this point, some of which will connect the mother to her baby and create an umbilical chord.
An embryo at the six week mark is only about four weeks old, because the counter actually begins at the mother’s last menstrual period. At that point, most women do not know they are pregnant.
A flurry of states have passed legislation over the past decade banning abortion at six weeks in so-called ‘heartbeat bills’, including North Dakota, Texas, Louisiana, and Missouri.
While the fetus’ heart has not yet fully developed by this point, a faint flutter will be detectable by ultrasound at this point.
Those states passed further restrictive laws after the Supreme Court tossed out the federal guarantee to an abortion in June.
Georgia is the only remaining state with an explicit cut off at six weeks. The other states have since banned the procedure outright with few to no exceptions for cases of rape and incest.
Above is fetal tissue at six weeks’ gestation. Several states such as Texas have passed a wave of ‘heartbeat’ bills, a term that OB-GYNs say is a misnomer. The beating is actually a series of electrical pulses emanating from the cluster of cells that will become the heart.
Above is pregnancy tissue at seven weeks. At this point, it is illegal to obtain an abortion in 14 states. In June, the Supreme Court overturned the 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling, which guaranteed access to a legal abortion. This opened the door to a deluge of abortion bans at various points in pregnancy.
The term has rallied the anti-abortion movement, which grew increasingly emboldened in the lead up to the Supreme Court’s decision as more states passed bans at different points in pregnancy.
But the term ‘heartbeat bill’ is a misnomer, according to obstetrician gynecologists. Rather, ‘cardiac activity’ is more accurate. The heart begins developing in the embryo at around three weeks.
At the six week point, those beats the mother and doctor hear are actually electrical impulses captured by the ultrasound machine and translated by the machine into the sound of a heartbeat, according to Dr Nisha Verma, an OB-GYN who practices in Georgia.
‘A heartbeat is the sound created by the opening and closing of cardiac valves,’ Dr Verma said. ‘There are no cardiac valves, so there is no sound of them opening and closing.’
Some argue that since heart activity is detectable at this point, it is correct to determine that it is the heartbeat of a living being.
It is not until around 17 to 20 weeks that the four chambers of the heart have developed and can be detected on an ultrasound. At that point, the term ‘heartbeat’ in the context of abortion bans is accurate.
At that point abortion is still legal in 33 of the 50 US states.
Pictured above is the gestational sac removed at 8 weeks’ gestation. The gestational sac will become the amniotic sac, which contains fluid to support the developing baby.
This image shows the gestational sac of a nine-week pregnancy. At this point, the developing baby goes from being called an ’embryo’ to a ‘fetus,’ though it still does not resemble a baby.
‘People who have been pregnant may recognize the term heartbeat as something they heard in their first ultrasound appointment,’ Dr Verma said.
‘As a physician, I often use that language with my patients and their families, because they can connect with it, but that doesn’t mean that it’s clinically accurate or that it should be used to restrict my patients’ access to medical care,’ she added.
The developing baby is referred to as an embryo until the ninth week of gestation begins. From then on it can be referred to as a fetus.
The gestational sac pictured above is the large cavity of fluid that supports the developing baby in early pregnancy.
This image shows decidua, or tissue to support the pregnancy, and the gestational sac. The gestational sac becomes known as the amniotic sac, which protects the fetus from injury and helps regulate its temperature.
Fetal tissue is shown from the youngest point in gestation, four weeks, through nine weeks. Dr Joan Fleischman, part of the MYA Network, told the Guardian that most women in the early stages of pregnancy don’t know what their unborn babies look like and are shocked when they see the fetal tissue for themselves.
Abortion before 15 weeks has been banned by 14 states. Some states have abortion bans on the books that stretch back to before the court’s 1973 decision legalizing abortion up to the point of viability, such as Wisconsin.
At six to 10 weeks, the gestational sac becomes the amniotic sac. The thin-walled sac encloses the fetus, protecting it from injury and helping to regulate its temperature.
From this point on, a fetus does become visible to the naked eye. By nine weeks it has reached 1.7 centimeters long, or nearly a full inch.
Women who undergo an abortion often misunderstand what their developing babies look like at the point of the procedure, according to Dr Joan Fleischman, part of the MYA Network.
‘They are stunned by what it actually looks like,’ Dr Fleischman told the Guardian.
It is common at political demonstrations revolving around abortion policies to see anti-abortion protesters carrying posters displaying images of near fully-developed fetuses in the womb.
But those posters are very misleading, Dr Fleischman said.
‘That’s when I realized how much the imagery on the internet and on placards – showing human-like qualities at this early stage of development – has really permeated the culture. People almost don’t believe this is what comes out.’
Dr Michelle Gomez, a family medicine doctor part of the MYA Network, added that, ‘We’re just putting out the information and the facts to counter the misinformation.
To say: this is not something that’s scary, or dangerous, or violent. It’s just a picture of something that’s in your body.’
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